∇ 펌웨어 & 파티션 형식
| FW : | BIOS | UEFI |
| DISK : | MBR | GPT |
- BIOS (Basic Input/ Output System)
- UEFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)
- MBR (Master Boot Record) : 파티션 (P4 or P3 + E1), 2TB 지원
- GPT (GUID Partition Table) : 파티션 (128), 8ZB 지원
∇ 파티션 작업 툴
- fdisk CMD : 2TB 이하
- gdisk CMD : 2TB 초과
- parted CMD : 2TB 초과
: fdisk 명령어는 크기가 2TB 넘는 디스크에서 파티션 설정을 할 수 없음 (현재 불가능하지는 않음)
-> parted 명령어를 사용해 파티션 설정해야 함
: 현재 2TB 파티션 용량을 위해 PC-BIOS 파티션 테이블 GPT로 대체됨
-> fdisk 명령어는 GPT 파티션을 지원X ==> 이런 경우 parted/ gdisk 명령어를 사용해야함
fdisk 명령어를 통한 디스크 파티션 구성
fdisk를 이용해 새로운 파티션의 생성, 기존 파티션 삭제, 파티션의 타입 결정 등의 작업 수행 할 수 있음
but, Red Hat 계열의 배포판은 설치 시 대부분 Disk Druid 유틸리티를 이용해 파티션을 분할,
전통적으로 fdisk를 사용하며 Disk Druid 보다 유연하기에 설치 시에 이 프로그램을 사용
- fdisk 프로그램은 한번에 한 디스크에 대해서만 작업 수행
- fdisk는 명령어 프롬프트 중심의 매우 간단한 인터페이스를 가짐
∇ 명령어 형식
# fdisk -l (# fdisk -l | grep Disk)
# fdisk -l /dev/sda
# fdisk /dev/ sda
∇ 명령어 옵션
| 옵션 | 설명 |
| -l | List the partition tables |
| -v | Print version number of fdisk program and exit |
| -s | The size of the partition (in blocks) is printed on the standard output |
| -b sectorsize | Specify the sector size of the disk |
1. 파티션 정보 확인
# fdisk -l /dev/sda -l 옵션: 파티션 테이블 나열
# fdisk -l
: 모든 디스크/ 파티션에 대한 정보 출력
[root@server1 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0e1f3f3e
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 125829119 123729920 59G 8e Linux LVM
2. 파티션 작업 - 새로운 파티션 생성(1)
∇ 작업 계획
: DISK (/dev/sdb(1GB)) - /dev/sdb1 (500M) + Unused (나머지)
: /dev/sdb1 (Primary partition)
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Help:
p print the partition table
n add a new partition
w write table to disk and exit
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
| [root@server1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7556a027. Command (m for help): m Help: DOS (MBR) a toggle a bootable flag b edit nested BSD disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag Generic d delete a partition F list free unpartitioned space l list known partition types n add a new partition p print the partition table t change a partition type v verify the partition table i print information about a partition Misc m print this menu u change display/entry units x extra functionality (experts only) Script I load disk layout from sfdisk script file O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file Save & Exit w write table to disk and exit q quit without saving changes Create a new label g create a new empty GPT partition table G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table o create a new empty DOS partition table s create a new empty Sun partition table Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-2097151, default 2048): <ENTER> Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2097151, default 2097151): +500M Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 500 MiB. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. |
# partprobe
: 커널에게 partition table 정보를 다시 로드(reload)하도록 함
: (필요한 경우)
- 사용중인 디스크에 남아 있는 공간에 대한 파티션 작업을 수행했을 때
- 가상 디스크 파일일 때 : 사용중인 디스크에 남아 있는 공간에 대한 파티션 작업을 수행했을 때
[root@server1 ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (읽기전용 파일 시스템). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
----------------------------------(설정후)---------------------------------------------
[root@server1 ~]# partprobe
※ 참고
" Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (읽기전용 파일 시스템). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only. "
VMware > VM > Settings > CD/DVD
[ ] Connected
[ ] Connect at power on

∇ 명령어를 통해 확인
# ls -l /dev/sdb* //SCSI 디스크 나열, -l 옵션 : 자세한 내용 출력
[root@server1 ~]# ls -l /dev/sdb*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 8월 23 19:31 /dev/sdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 8월 23 19:31 /dev/sdb1
# fdisk -l /dev/sdb // /dev/sdb 디스크 및 파티션 보기
/dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
[root@server1 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7556a027
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
# lsblk : 리눅스 디바이스 정보를 출력하는 명령어로 옵션없이 사용하면 트리 형식으로 모든 스토리지 디바이스 출력
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
[root@server1 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 59G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 38.2G 0 lvm /
├─cl-swap 253:1 0 2.1G 0 lvm [SWAP]
└─cl-home 253:2 0 18.7G 0 lvm /home
sdb 8:16 0 1G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 500M 0 part
sdc 8:32 0 1G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 8.6G 0 rom
3. 파티션 작업 - 새로운 파티션 생성 (2)
∇ 작업 계획
- 작업 디스크 (/dev/sdb) : P1 (500M) + E2 (L5 +L6)
- E2 : 나머지 공간 (약 500M)
- L5 : 300M
- L6 : 나머지 공간 (약 200M)
# fdisk /dev/sdb
| [root@server1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): m Help: DOS (MBR) a toggle a bootable flag b edit nested BSD disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag Generic d delete a partition F list free unpartitioned space l list known partition types n add a new partition p print the partition table t change a partition type v verify the partition table i print information about a partition Misc m print this menu u change display/entry units x extra functionality (experts only) Script I load disk layout from sfdisk script file O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file Save & Exit w write table to disk and exit q quit without saving changes Create a new label g create a new empty GPT partition table G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table o create a new empty DOS partition table s create a new empty Sun partition table Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): e Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 First sector (1026048-2097151, default 1026048): <ENTER> Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (1026048-2097151, default 2097151): <ENTER> Created a new partition 2 of type 'Extended' and of size 523 MiB. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1026048 2097151 1071104 523M 5 Extended Command (m for help): n All space for primary partitions is in use. Adding logical partition 5 First sector (1028096-2097151, default 1028096): <ENTER> Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (1028096-2097151, default 2097151): +300M Created a new partition 5 of type 'Linux' and of size 300 MiB. Command (m for help): n All space for primary partitions is in use. Adding logical partition 6 First sector (1644544-2097151, default 1644544): <ENTER> Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (1644544-2097151, default 2097151): <ENTER> Created a new partition 6 of type 'Linux' and of size 221 MiB. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1026048 2097151 1071104 523M 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1028096 1642495 614400 300M 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1644544 2097151 452608 221M 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. |
# partprobe
# fdisk -l /dev/sdb : 디스크 및 파티션 확인
/dev/sdb2 1026048 2097151 1071104 523M 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1028096 1642495 614400 300M 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1644544 2097151 452608 221M 83 Linux
[root@server1 ~]# partprobe
[root@server1 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7556a027
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1026048 2097151 1071104 523M 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1028096 1642495 614400 300M 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1644544 2097151 452608 221M 83 Linux
4. 파티션 삭제
∇ 작업 계획
- 새로 만들어진 파티션 전체 삭제
- /dev/sdb6 -> /dev/sdb2 -> /dev/sdb1
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Generic
d delete a partition
| [root@server1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p //p : print Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1026048 2097151 1071104 523M 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1028096 1642495 614400 300M 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 1644544 2097151 452608 221M 83 Linux Command (m for help): d // d : delete Partition number (1,2,5,6, default 6): 6 Partition 6 has been deleted. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1026048 2097151 1071104 523M 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1028096 1642495 614400 300M 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Partition number (1,2,5, default 5): 2 Partition 2 has been deleted. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Partition 1 has been deleted. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x7556a027 Command (m for help): w // w : write The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. |
# partprobe
# fdisk -l /dev/sdb : 디스크 및 파티션 확인
[root@server1 ~]# partprobe
[root@server1 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x7556a027'Linux > 2) 리눅스 서버 관리자 과정' 카테고리의 다른 글
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